The Company uses various forms of energy within the organization to support its operations and the provision of utility services within industrial estates. This encompasses energy consumption in office buildings, utility systems, infrastructure, and other central support systems. To ensure that disclosed information appropriately reflects energy management under the Company’s operational control, the reported data covers only energy consumed in the Company’s own operations. Energy produced or procured for the purpose of resale to third parties is excluded from the reported data. This approach enhances transparency and ensures consistency with internationally recognized energy accounting principles. Details of energy consumption by energy type are presented below.

1. Upstream Energy Consumption

The Company places importance on assessing upstream energy consumption within its value chain, as it is linked to indirect energy use and the Company’s indirect greenhouse gas emissions. In 2025, the assessment focused on activities that have a significant linkage to the Company’s operations and for which primary data could be reasonably obtained. The assessment boundary covers activities under Scope 3, Category 1: Purchased Goods and Services, with a specific focus on energy consumption by contractors providing utility system services within the Company’s operational areas.

In 2025, the Company identified total upstream energy consumption attributable to contractor operations of 27,337.13 gigajoules. However, this assessment does not yet cover other upstream activities, such as energy use in the manufacturing of fixed assets and equipment purchased by the Company, or energy use associated with contractors’ transportation activities. These activities require reliance on secondary data and estimation methods, which may not fully or accurately reflect actual energy consumption. In addition, given the Company’s limited level of control over such activities, they have not been included in the assessment for the current reporting period. The Company will consider developing methodologies and data systems to gradually expand the scope of value chain energy assessments in future reporting periods.

2. Downstream Energy Consumption

Downstream energy consumption refers to energy use that occurs after the Company’s core operations and lies outside the Company’s direct operational control. Nevertheless, such activities are linked to the services, assets, or infrastructure developed and provided by the Company to its stakeholders. In 2025, the Company assessed downstream energy consumption arising from the use of buildings or infrastructure leased by the Company, based on the principles for assessing other indirect greenhouse gas emissions under Scope 3, Category 13: Downstream Leased Assets. The assessment covers only those portions for which the Company has access to electricity‑use data that reflect energy consumption attributable to the operations of the asset users. Energy consumption from these activities is reported separately from the Company’s internal energy consumption and is not included in the Company’s direct energy use (Scope 2). The assessment results indicate that, in 2025, total downstream energy consumption amounted to 56,577.10 gigajoules.

However, the assessment for the current reporting period does not yet cover certain leased buildings or areas for which the Company does not have access to tenants’ electricity‑consumption data, and for which energy consumption therefore cannot be fully evaluated. In addition, the Company recognizes that there may be other downstream activities related to value‑chain energy use, such as activities associated with the Company’s investments. At present, such activities have not been included in the reporting scope, as the available data primarily consist of financial information or ownership proportions, which may serve as a basis for estimation under the GHG Protocol Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard, but do not directly reflect the physical energy consumption of investee operations (e.g., electricity, fuels, or total energy consumed in operations). Converting such data into energy consumption values would require the use of assumptions and financial-based or economic emission conversion factors at the industry or macroeconomic level, which involve a high degree of uncertainty and may not adequately reflect the actual operating characteristics, technologies, or energy-efficiency performance of individual entities. Accordingly, the Company considers that the currently available data are not yet sufficient to support a reasonable assessment of energy use in these activities and will continue to enhance data availability and assessment methodologies in future reporting periods.

3. Promoting Energy Reduction across the Upstream and Downstream Value Chain

The Company focuses on promoting efficient energy use across both the upstream and downstream segments of its value chain through activities where the Company can exercise influence or provide appropriate support. In the upstream value chain, the Company promotes energy efficiency by establishing guidelines for efficient energy use among contractors engaged in utility system operations, encouraging proper maintenance of contractors’ equipment and machinery to reduce energy losses, and supporting the use of clean energy or renewable energy in activities related to utility systems. These efforts aim to help reduce overall energy‑related impacts across the value chain.

In the downstream value chain, the Company promotes efficient energy use through communication and building design. This includes supporting the provision of information and raising awareness on energy efficiency among tenants and building users within an appropriate scope, as well as placing emphasis on building design and development based on green building principles, taking into account internationally recognized standards such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). These measures are intended to support long‑term reductions in energy consumption and improvements in building energy performance.

The Company has established operational guidelines to reduce electricity consumption in main business processes, assigning shared responsibility to employees and contractors involved in each activity to ensure the achievement of established targets.

The Company has established a plan to reduce electricity consumption from the power grid by increasing the share of clean energy used in its office operations. Accordingly, the Company has arranged for electricity from solar energy to substitute grid electricity through a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). Under this arrangement, solar power generation systems will be installed within the Company’s premises, including the office building parking area in Chonburi, buildings located in commercial zones, and the Rayong office buildings, with a total installed capacity of 620.53 kilowatt‑peak (kWp).

The Company commenced site surveys and feasibility studies for the project in July 2025 and is currently in the process of executing PPA agreements with service providers. Installation of the solar power systems at all locations is expected to be completed within the third quarter of 2026. Under this model, the Company will purchase the electricity generated from the on‑site solar power systems for use in its office buildings. The Company expects to procure approximately 741,275 kilowatt‑hours per year of electricity from solar energy to replace electricity sourced from the power grid. This initiative is expected to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 2,124.04 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO₂e) per year.

In 2025, the Company's office buildings had a total electricity consumption of 721,255.95 kilowatt-hours, representing a 0.09% reduction compared with 2024. The reduction in energy consumption is the result of sustained and proactive energy-saving measures, such as transitioning to energy-efficient LED lighting systems, improving the efficiency of air-conditioning systems, performing regular maintenance on air-conditioning units to optimize performance, and promoting employee engagement in environmentally friendly behaviors to reduce overall energy use.

Lighting System

The Company is responsible for managing common areas within its industrial estates, including overseeing the street lighting systems throughout both estates. At present, all lighting fixtures in shared areas have been fully converted to LED bulbs to enhance energy efficiency. To further improve electricity usage efficiency, the Company has installed smart control and monitoring systems for street lighting operations, replacing the previous control system that relied on sunlight sensors combined with timers. There is a possibility of system abnormalities in the main power supply causing the streetlights to remain on during the day or malfunction at night. This leads to energy wastage and customer complaints, as well as increased safety risks due to aging equipment and streetlights mounted on regional electricity poles, resulting in higher chances of power loss and leakage.

To address these challenges, the Company has developed and implemented its own smart streetlight control boxes at AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate since 2023. In 2025, an additional 5 units were installed, bringing the total to 30 units. Additionally, they developed a platform to record and view lamp operation data and electricity usage information. This platform enables real-time control of streetlight switching via mobile applications, computers, and tablets. Furthermore, it includes a notification system (LINE notification) to alert authorities in case of electrical malfunctions, allowing efficient monitoring of streetlight status by the AMATA Command Center (ACC) security personnel.

In addition, in 2025, the Company expanded the use of solar-powered equipment across common areas within AMATA City Chonburi and AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estates.

• The installation of solar-powered streetlights: 30 units were installed in AMATA City Chonburi at Phase 6C and 47 units in AMATA City Rayong, bringing the total number of solar-powered streetlights to 291units across both estates.
• The installation of a total of 179 solar-powered flashing traffic lights, including 24 newly installed units.

In 2025, electricity consumption for street lighting systems within the industrial estates totaled 1,139,050.1 kilowatt‑hours, representing an increase of 2.75% compared with 2024, during which electricity consumption amounted to 1,108,561.65 kilowatt‑hours. The increase in electricity consumption was primarily attributable to the expansion of the Company’s operational and service areas within the industrial estates to support the growth of economic activities and factory operator land use. As a result, the Company installed and operated additional street lighting systems in common areas to enhance traffic safety and maintain utility service standards across all areas of operation.

Smart Weather Station

In 2025, the Company continued to operate the online smart weather station control system, which is powered by solar energy, with a total of 11 stations previously installed and remaining in operation. The system supports real‑time monitoring of weather conditions. Data obtained from the system are used to support water management and operational planning in the common areas of the industrial estates, thereby enhancing operational efficiency. The system also helps improve the accuracy of decision‑making related to resource management and strengthens preparedness for changing weather conditions.

In addition to improving energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption across business operations, the Company actively promotes the adoption of renewable energy in various activities, particularly within industrial water systems, representing the most energy-intensive operations.

AMATA U Company Limited, which is responsible for water supply and wastewater management within the AMATA industrial estates, has procured clean electricity through Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) with service providers that install and operate solar power generation systems within the Company’s premises. These systems include solar rooftop installations on water production buildings that operate under the Water Reclamation System and floating solar systems installed on the Company’s reservoirs. Electricity generated from these projects is utilized in the industrial estate water systems to support the use of clean energy and to substitute electricity sourced from the power grid.