Environmental Stewardship

Climate Resilience

Risk	Opportunity
Climate change is a significant challenge that poses substantial risks to industrial water management, as water serves as a primary raw material for industrial estate operations. It also increases physical risks due to the growing severity of natural disasters each year. The impacts of climate change are far-reaching, affecting various stakeholders across the value chain, from industrial water usage in factory production lines to the livelihoods and well-being of factory employees and surrounding communities. Moreover, climate-related impacts have led to rising operating costs for the Company. These include the need to ensure a continuous supply of water that meets industrial quality standards for tenant factories, as well as to implement measures that prevent or mitigate physical risks from natural disasters in both existing industrial estates and future development projects. In addition, evolving domestic and international laws and regulations related to climate change pose transition risks for both the Company and factory operators within the industrial estates. As a result, the Company must proactively prepare for the growing climate-related expectations of both current and future customers. This includes disclosing relevant operational information, such as energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from various utilities—developing sustainable products and services that align with customer needs, and mitigating risks that may affect the Company’s long-term competitiveness.	The Company recognizes opportunities to further develop new infrastructure, products, and service offerings that more effectively respond to the needs of operators within its industrial estates. These include clean energy services, more efficient utility systems, and solutions that support the sustainable management of water and energy. At the same time, climate-related trends present an opportunity for the Company to strengthen its role from an industrial estate provider to a strategic enabler of customers' transition, particularly for those facing more stringent requirements from export markets, overseas parent companies, and increasingly rigorous climate-related policies. These trends also enhance the attractiveness of the Company's industrial estates in attracting new customers that place importance on operating in locations equipped with utilities and infrastructure that are well positioned to support a low-carbon economy.

Risk

Opportunity

Climate change is a significant challenge that poses substantial risks to industrial water management, as water serves as a primary raw material for industrial estate operations. It also increases physical risks due to the growing severity of natural disasters each year. The impacts of climate change are far-reaching, affecting various stakeholders across the value chain, from industrial water usage in factory production lines to the livelihoods and well-being of factory employees and surrounding communities. Moreover, climate-related impacts have led to rising operating costs for the Company. These include the need to ensure a continuous supply of water that meets industrial quality standards for tenant factories, as well as to implement measures that prevent or mitigate physical risks from natural disasters in both existing industrial estates and future development projects.

In addition, evolving domestic and international laws and regulations related to climate change pose transition risks for both the Company and factory operators within the industrial estates. As a result, the Company must proactively prepare for the growing climate-related expectations of both current and future customers. This includes disclosing relevant operational information, such as energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from various utilities—developing sustainable products and services that align with customer needs, and mitigating risks that may affect the Company’s long-term competitiveness.

The Company recognizes opportunities to further develop new infrastructure, products, and service offerings that more effectively respond to the needs of operators within its industrial estates. These include clean energy services, more efficient utility systems, and solutions that support the sustainable management of water and energy.

At the same time, climate-related trends present an opportunity for the Company to strengthen its role from an industrial estate provider to a strategic enabler of customers' transition, particularly for those facing more stringent requirements from export markets, overseas parent companies, and increasingly rigorous climate-related policies. These trends also enhance the attractiveness of the Company's industrial estates in attracting new customers that place importance on operating in locations equipped with utilities and infrastructure that are well positioned to support a low-carbon economy.

Management Approach

Climate change is a global challenge that poses significant risks of natural disasters and far-reaching impacts on the economy, public well-being, and the long-term sustainability of global society. The severity of these impacts has become increasingly evident in recent years. In response, the Company recognizes the critical importance of cross-sector collaboration to collectively mitigate the effects of climate change. The Company supports the goals of the Paris Agreement, adopted in December 2015, to which Thailand has committed by pledging to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20–25% from 2015 levels by 2030, in order to limit the global temperature increase to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The Company also endorses the Glasgow Climate Pact, which encourages the adoption of renewable energy and the reduction of coal and fossil fuel use—efforts that contribute directly to the achievement of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 13: Climate Action.

Climate change represents a significant global challenge with direct impacts on economic systems, society, the environment, and human well-being. These impacts arise from both physical risks, such as the increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters, and transition risks resulting from changes in policies, regulations, technologies, and market expectations. The Company therefore recognizes the importance of contributing to climate change mitigation efforts, as well as preparing to address potential impacts on its operations, stakeholders, and society as a whole.

The Company supports the objectives of the Paris Agreement to limit the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre‑industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. The Company also continuously monitors Thailand’s climate policy direction. Currently, Thailand has announced, under its Second Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0), a target to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by 47% by 2035 compared with the 2019 base year, with the aim of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, thereby supporting the country’s transition toward a low-carbon economy.

In addition, the Company takes into consideration the Glasgow Climate Pact and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 13: Climate Action) as key foundations for its transition toward a low‑carbon business. The Company focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving energy efficiency, increasing the share of renewable energy use across the value chain, and strengthening its capacity to respond to and adapt to climate‑related risks.

The Company recognizes its role and responsibility in contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and is committed to enhancing its adaptive capacity to address climate‑related risks in the future. Accordingly, the Company has established a “Climate Change Management Policy” to serve as a framework for governance, decision-making, and the implementation of climate‑related actions across the organization.

Climate change–related operations are jointly overseen by the Risk Management Committee and the Corporate Governance and Sustainable Development Committee. This governance structure ensures that climate‑related issues are systematically integrated into the Company’s risk management processes, policy formulation, and sustainability governance, as well as into the identification of business opportunities arising from the transition to a low‑carbon economy. Both committees regularly monitor and review key matters and report progress and performance to the Board of Directors on a regular basis.

See more details on our Climate Change Management Policy.

Climate Change Management Policy.

Climate Governance

	Roles, Duties and Responsibilities
Board of Directors	Approve the Company's climate change–related policies, strategic direction, strategies, and overall targets, and oversee the alignment of implementation with the Company's vision and long-term objectives.
Risk Management Committee	Establish and periodically review the Company's risk management policies and frameworks to ensure the integration of climate-related risks into enterprise risk management, taking into account both internal and external factors, as well as the use of scenario analysis, in order to define risk management principles and approaches aligned with the Company's short-, medium-, and long-term business context and relevant international standards. Oversee and support the systematic management of climate-related risks and opportunities, covering both physical risks, such as natural disasters and water security, and transition risks that may affect the Company's business operations in the short, medium, and long term, including monitoring the effectiveness of risk management measures and reporting the results to the Board of Directors on a quarterly basis. Review and provide input on climate-related targets from a risk and opportunity perspective by assessing the appropriateness of such targets in relation to the Company's risk appetite, analyzing factors that may affect target achievement, and providing recommendations on risk mitigation measures or contingency plans.
Corporate Governance and Sustainable Development Committee	Review and periodically assess the Company's climate change–related policies, sustainability framework, and strategic direction to ensure their appropriateness, ongoing relevance, and alignment with the business context, relevant international standards, and impacts on stakeholders across the value chain, with such reviews conducted at least annually. Oversee the Company's business operations to ensure compliance with applicable laws, regulations, rules, policies, and guidelines, and supervise the implementation and progress of the Company's climate-related targets. Review and assess the appropriateness of the Company's climate change targets and their alignment with relevant international standards and policy frameworks prior to submission to the Board of Directors for consideration and approval. Oversee compliance with climate-related laws, regulations, and agreements, and monitor the progress of climate-related targets, action plans, and performance, including greenhouse gas emissions reduction, energy efficiency improvement, renewable energy use, and the management of material climate-related risks and opportunities, in support of effective oversight and strategic decision-making. Report sustainability performance, including material climate-related risks and opportunities, and provide recommendations to management, while promoting the integration of low-carbon transition principles and a low-carbon organizational culture as part of the Company's sustainable business operations.
Corporate Strategy and Risk Management Division	Define strategic direction and integrate climate change considerations into the Company's business planning by considering and applying the results of climate-related scenario analysis to the review of corporate strategy, business plans, targets, and operational approaches, in order to strengthen preparedness for short-, medium-, and long-term changes. Define organizational climate-related targets and action plans to support the transition toward a carbon-neutral city by 2040, and to reduce the intensity of direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1 and Scope 2) per unit of operational area by 20% by 2030, compared with the 2024 base year. Monitor and report overall performance to support strategic reviews, target setting, and strategic decision-making related to the Company's business operations. In this regard, Mr. Satha Vanalabhpatana, Chief Strategy Officer and Assistant Chief Executive Officer, is responsible for overseeing implementation in collaboration with the Sustainable Development Department and the Risk Management Department.
Sustainable Development Department	Monitor the Company's climate change–related performance and coordinate with relevant departments to implement mitigation measures and drive climate-related plans toward the achievement of established targets. Collect, analyze, and prepare climate-related performance data, including climate scenario analysis results, to support the formulation of management measures, the review of climate-related targets, and strategic business decision-making, as well as to support the disclosure of climate-related information in compliance with applicable laws and aligned with international standards. Monitor and assess social impacts associated with the climate transition, including just transition considerations that may affect employees, communities, and relevant stakeholders, and coordinate with relevant functions to support fair, inclusive, and responsible implementation. Report climate change–related performance through management meetings prior to submission to senior management and subsequently to the Corporate Governance and Sustainable Development Committee, respectively.
Risk Management Department	Monitor and assess climate-related risks and opportunities, including their potential impacts on the Company's business operations in the short, medium, and long term. Support climate scenario analysis by assessing the impacts of various scenarios on key risks, critical assumptions, and the resilience of business operations, to inform risk management and management decision-making. Assess and monitor risks associated with a just transition, such as labor, community, reputational, and business continuity risks that may arise from the implementation of the Company's climate-related measures. Report enterprise risk management outcomes to the Risk Management Committee on a quarterly basis, and provide ad hoc reports in the event of incidents or changes that may have a significant impact on business operations. Support management in monitoring risk trends, evaluating the adequacy and effectiveness of climate-related risk management measures, and determining appropriate and timely risk management responses.

Climate related Risk Assessment

The Company recognizes that climate change poses significant impacts on business resilience and long‑term financial stability. In alignment with the climate‑related financial disclosure framework, the Company has integrated climate‑related risk assessment into its Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) system to comprehensively identify and analyze potential impacts on the Company’s strategy, operations, and financial position.

In 2025, the Company conducted an assessment of climate‑related risks and opportunities using a qualitative analysis approach. This assessment was integrated with the Company’s sustainability materiality assessment process, which was also reviewed during the year, to evaluate potential impacts under different climate‑related scenarios. Due to current limitations in resources and the availability of quantitative data, the Company prioritized qualitative analysis to identify material climate‑related issues at this stage. Nevertheless, the Company has a plan to further develop its data foundation and assessment systems toward quantitative analysis and clearer financial impact quantification in subsequent phases, in order to enhance the level of disclosure and align more closely with international standards.

The Company has defined specific time horizons for assessing climate‑related impacts that differ from those applied to social and governance topics, in order to reflect the complexity of physical climate risks, the life cycle of key assets, and global climate policy trajectories. The defined time horizons are as follows:

Short term (1–2 years): Refers to impacts expected to occur in the present or in the near future, which may directly affect liquidity, cash flows, and day‑to‑day operational performance.
Medium term (more than 2 to 10 years): Refers to impacts expected to occur at the strategic level, associated with technological transition, cost and revenue structure adjustments, and significant regulatory changes.
Long term (more than 10 years): Refers to impacts expected to occur at the business structure level, associated with long‑term climate change trends and the achievement of the Company’s low‑carbon transition objectives.

The Company’s process for assessing climate-related risks and opportunities is as follows:

1. Physical Risks

Risk Category	Time Horizon	Risks	Business Impacts / Opportunities	Potential Financial Impacts	Risk Mitigations
Operational risk	Short term to medium term	Drought risk	Changes in rainfall patterns and precipitation levels may lead to water scarcity in certain areas, resulting in insufficient raw water supply for industrial water production processes. This may cause disruptions to utility systems. In addition, severe water scarcity situations may affect relationships among the Company, operators within the industrial estates, and surrounding communities due to competition for raw water resources.	Increase in operating costs resulting from raw water procurement during drought conditions. Additional expenses arising from penalties or compensation in cases where the Company is unable to provide water services on a continuous basis, as well as potential revenue risks if industrial operators are affected and delay or suspend their operations. Reduction in operating cash flows due to higher cash expenditures during drought periods, including investments in alternative water sources and water management technologies.	Establish both internal and external backup raw water sources to support the total water demand within the AMATA Industrial Estates for no less than 14 months. Currently, the Company has 17 ready-to-use raw surface water reservoirs with a total capacity of 61 million cubic meters. Reduce reliance on natural raw water sources by increasing the use of high-quality reclaimed water in industrial water production. As a result, the Company has reduced raw surface water consumption and extended its reserve capacity by an additional 6 months, thereby mitigating water shortage risks and enhancing the ability to support local communities during drought conditions. Utilize weather forecasting technology to optimize the management of water levels in reservoirs within the AMATA Industrial Estates. Communicate water management plans clearly to tenants, factory operators, and surrounding communities to ensure transparency and shared understanding. Implement a Water Grid project to enhance the efficiency of water management across different areas. The project is currently under technical feasibility assessment to support future water demand and strengthen resilience to drought-related risks.
Operational risk	Short term to medium term	Flood risk	Flooding may disrupt the operations of both the Company and operators within the industrial estates, resulting in damage to infrastructure, utility systems, and the surrounding environment within the estates. It may also adversely affect the safety, health, and quality of life of employees, operators, and surrounding communities. In addition, flooding may have negative implications for relationships between the Company and communities affected by such events.	Repair and restoration costs for the Company's assets and infrastructure. Additional capital expenditures for flood protection systems across existing and future projects. Revenue and reputational risks if operators are affected by business interruptions or temporary shutdowns.	Improve water flow systems within both AMATA Industrial Estates by implementing drainage measures and water retention areas to prevent flooding in high-risk zones. Develop an integrated water management approach by fostering collaboration among all relevant stakeholders to manage flood and drought risks within AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate. This includes the use of digital survey technologies to collect the most up-to-date geographic data for designing more effective and climate-resilient water management systems. Communicate the Company's water management plans to tenants, factory operators, and surrounding communities to ensure mutual understanding and awareness.
Financial risk	Medium term to long term	Business Continuity Risk from Water Management	If the Company is unable to supply sufficient water to operators within the industrial estates to meet demand, this may adversely affect business continuity and undermine the confidence of customers, investors, and other stakeholders over the long term, as well as pose reputational risks to the Company if water resources cannot be managed effectively.	Volatility and potential increases in operating costs resulting from water pricing and emergency response management expenses. Increase in capital expenditures to enhance water security and related infrastructure. Long-term revenue impacts if customer confidence declines or new investments slow down.	Mitigate the risk of rising costs due to insufficient primary water sources by securing alternative water sources sufficient to meet at least 150 percent of the total demand within the industrial estates. Conduct stress tests and scenario analyses related to water risks such as severe drought or rising water costs to assess potential impacts on revenue, operating expenses, and investment. Reduce dependence on raw water from natural sources by increasing the use of high-quality reclaimed water, treated through a water reclamation system, to replace raw water in industrial water production.

2. Transition Risks

Risk Category	Time Horizon	Risks	Business Impacts / Opportunities	Potential Financial Impacts	Risk Mitigations
Strategic risk / Financial risk	Medium term to long term	Risk related to the availability and alignment of sustainable products and services with customer requirements	The operators within the industrial estates are increasingly focused on achieving carbon neutrality and net zero greenhouse gas emissions, leading to reduced utility consumption and waste generation. This has impacted the Company's recurring revenue from utility sales and waste management services, and may affect the Company's competitiveness if it is unable to meet evolving expectations for sustainable products and services. However, there has been a clear increase in demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly products and services from customers over the past year. This trend presents opportunities for the Company to develop new products and services that respond to these expectations.	Decline in revenue resulting from reduced demand for utilities and waste management services, in line with customers' improved resource efficiency. Increase in capital expenditures required for the development, enhancement, or expansion of new and more sustainable utility services and infrastructure. Opportunities to generate new revenue through the development of renewable energy solutions, high-quality water services, and environmentally friendly products and services.	Study and analyze current industry demands and emerging standards required by current manufacturing operators and future customers to develop new sustainable utilities product and industrial service to meet the growing demand from existing operators while supporting the circular economy concept. Expand renewable energy capacity by increasing clean energy resources. The Company has set a target to increase the proportion of renewable energy usage to 50% by 2030. Improve energy efficiency in various operational activities within the industrial estates to reduce greenhouse gas emission and the carbon footprint of products. Explore business opportunities arising from the demand for new type of utilities such as ultrapure water & demineralized water. Monitor technological developments, infrastructure readiness, and the preparedness of business partners that may affect the successful development of new products and services, and continuously adjust operational plans to ensure alignment with evolving conditions.
Compliance risk	Short term to medium term	Risk from changes in environmental policies or regulations in response to climate change	Across the value chain of the industrial estate business and related operations, a wide range of laws and regulations are applicable, as these activities have both direct and indirect environmental impacts. Non-compliance with increasingly stringent or evolving laws and regulations, whether arising from the Company's own operations or from those of its contractors and business partners, particularly in expansion projects and new developments both domestically and internationally, may increase the Company's burden in terms of environmental governance, reporting, and compliance monitoring. Such non-compliance may also result in reputational damage, affect stakeholder confidence, and undermine the Company's social acceptance and ability to operate and grow sustainably in the future. In addition, it may present challenges in managing suppliers and contractors with varying levels of environmental readiness.	Increase in compliance-related costs resulting from enhancements to operational processes, systems, and environmental data reporting, such as expenses for audits and data verification to meet new regulatory requirements. Potential increases in expenses arising from fines, penalties, or project delays if compliance with environmental laws or conditions cannot be achieved in a timely manner. Potential impacts on revenue and future investment plans if the Company is unable to comply with new or evolving requirements or standards, which may result in delays in new project development, limitations on the scope of operations, or the inability to implement projects as planned.	Monitor changes in environmental laws, regulations, and related policies both domestically and internationally. This includes tracking significant global developments that may lead to future policy and regulatory changes. Enhance operational processes and production methods to minimize environmental impacts while ensuring alignment with international standards. Disclose environmental information in a transparent and verifiable manner, including the carbon footprint of organization, water consumption, waste management, and ESG accounting. This is achieved by reviewing and improving internal data collection processes to ensure systematic management, supported by external verification to ensure alignment with international environmental data standards and the accuracy and reliability of the disclosed information. Review and enhance greenhouse gas data collection and reporting processes to align with evolving reporting standards and requirements, in order to support compliance with new regulations and reduce regulatory compliance risks. Conduct training and seminars for contractors and suppliers to inform them of changes in environmental regulations. Environmental criteria are also incorporated into the Company's risk assessment and supplier selection processes. All critical tier-1 suppliers and new suppliers conducting business directly with the Company are subject to environmental risk assessments.

Climate Change Strategy

The Company recognizes climate change as a strategic factor that may affect its competitiveness and the long-term sustainability of its business operations. The Company has therefore integrated climate change considerations into its strategy formulation, business planning, and investment decision-making processes in order to support the appropriate management of related risks and the consideration of strategic benefits.

Based on the Company’s assessment of climate-related risks and opportunities, which covers both physical risks, such as drought, flooding, and business continuity risks associated with water management, and transition risks arising from changes in policies, regulations, technologies, and customer demand in the shift toward a low-carbon economy, the Company has incorporated the assessment results into the determination of its strategic direction in order to strengthen competitiveness and support long-term business growth.

Under this approach, the Company has established an integrated climate change management strategy to systematically address relevant risks and opportunities. The strategy covers adaptation, by enhancing resilience to the impacts of climate change; mitigation, through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to support climate change alleviation; and transition, by driving the shift toward low‑carbon business operations at both the organizational level and across the value chain, in accordance with the Company’s Climate Change Management Policy. In this regard, the Company’s climate change response strategy is structured around three core pillars under the “Save Earth, Safe Us” campaign, namely Climate Resilience City, Carbon Neutral City, and Climate‑related Products and Services.

Strategy 1: Climate Resilience City

The Company places significant importance on dealing with climate change from the past such as precipitation patterns, rainfall, and the intensity of rainstorms in the eastern region that have led to droughts or flooding in the past years. The Company, therefore, focuses on integrated and sustainable water management across all categories, including raw water, industrial water, drought, wastewater, and flooding in order to ensure water security, build confidence in customers and communities in the area, and mitigate risks that could impact business operations and stakeholders’ well-being. This approach forms part of the Company’s climate change adaptation plan, which focuses on addressing physical risks. The Company prioritizes strengthening infrastructure capacity and utility systems to ensure continuity under climate variability. Key areas include enhancing water storage and distribution efficiency, managing recycled water, developing drainage systems, and strengthening preparedness for extreme weather events such as prolonged heavy rainfall or droughts that may affect service provision within industrial estates. In addition, the Company utilizes climate‑related trend data relevant to its operating areas, including rainfall patterns and risks of extreme weather events, as key inputs in medium‑ and long‑term planning and in the development of appropriate response measures.

Strive for water security by expanding internal reservoirs

The Company has set a policy to prepare raw water reserves that are at least 150% greater than the total water demand in the industrial estates per year.

Reduce dependence on surface water by utilizing treated water in accordance withthe Zero Discharge principle

The Company maximizes the reuse of treated water to reduce dependence on natural surface water sources and mitigate the risk and severity of impacts in cases of drought.

Develop infrastructure and capabilities to prepare for and prevent flooding

The Company has developed infrastructure and water management systems to handle and prevent flooding, as well as raised awareness among stakeholders about the effective use of water resources and keeping public waterways clear of debris and impediments through the AMATA Water Management Learning Center and a water management community development project.

Search for strategic locations

The Company places importance on the project locations that will minimize negative impacts on factory operators and enable long-term business operations, and the results of climate change impact studies in each region are used as one of the key factors in selecting future project locations.

Utilize technology for risk management

The Company has installed smart weather stations in AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate and AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate, totaling 11 stations. These stations enable real-time weather forecasting and monitoring to promptly track atmospheric changes. This allows for efficient water reservoir management within the industrial estates and enhances preparedness for climate variability and extreme weather conditions.

Strategy 2: Carbon Neutral City

Amid the increasingly severe impacts of climate change and the global policy momentum accelerating the transition toward a low-carbon economy, Thailand has strengthened its climate commitment by announcing an earlier target year for achieving net‑zero greenhouse gas emissions, advancing the goal from 2065 to 2050. This milestone represents a significant turning point in the country’s transition to a low-carbon economy and serves as a key driver for the private sector to accelerate its adaptation in line with international standards, climate‑related requirements across global value chains under the Paris Agreement, and rising expectations from supply-chain partners.

In this context, the Company places strong emphasis on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which are a primary driver of climate change, and has set more ambitious targets to progress toward becoming a carbon-neutral city by 2040. To ensure that the Company’s greenhouse gas management practices and related disclosures are aligned with this objective, the Company reviewed its operational activity data for the year 2024 and refined the organizational boundary of its greenhouse gas inventory. This enhancement was undertaken to ensure that the GHG inventory more accurately reflects the Company’s current business structure, operational activities, scale of operations, and energy-use profile. The review covered the reassessment of the organizational boundary, the collection of data from significant operating units and subsidiaries with material contributions to the Company’s greenhouse gas emissions, and alignment with the requirements of relevant international standards. These actions were implemented to enhance the completeness, transparency, and comparability of climate-related disclosures and to ensure that the information provided supports informed decision-making by stakeholders.

Based on this review, the Company has designated 2024 as a new base year for setting targets and tracking future progress in greenhouse gas emissions reduction. The Company has set a target to achieve a 20% reduction in absolute greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared with the 2024 base year. The adoption of this new base year, which is aligned with the current reporting boundary, enables more accurate and consistent interpretation of progress toward the Company’s greenhouse gas reduction targets. The revision of the base year and the elevation of targets toward absolute greenhouse gas emissions reduction reflect the Company’s commitment to achieving tangible and measurable reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, rather than focusing solely on improvements in operational efficiency. These actions also support Thailand’s transition toward a low-carbon economy and enhance the Company’s preparedness for increasingly stringent climate‑related regulations and stakeholder expectations in the future.

The Company has established the following strategic actions to achieve these targets:

Increase energy efficiency

The Company has replaced electrical equipment used in offices and common areas with energy-saving devices, reduced the use of fossil fuels, and integrated this strategy into the Company’s business development plan to drive AMATA Smart City projects that focus on energy efficiency through the utilization of technologies and low-carbon energy sources.

Minimize waste sent to landfills

According to the Zero Waste to Landfill target, the Company has applied principles of the circular economy to the solid waste and industrial waste management process, promoting recyclable waste sorting, maximizing the use of recyclable waste, and minimizing waste disposed to landfills.

Accelerate the transition to renewable energy with suitable technologies

The Company promotes renewable energy generation by adopting technologies that are appropriate for its business operations and site conditions, while continuously increasing the share of clean energy used within the industrial estates, with a focus on both central utility systems and the Company’s office buildings.

Enhance the ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through collaboration with alliances

The Company promotes research and development to reduce greenhouse gas emissions throughout its value chain and product life cycle. As a result, the Company focuses on platform development as well as project design and management using Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology and the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) building standard.

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Boundary and Methodology

The Company has prepared its Carbon Footprint for Organization (CFO) on an annual basis continuously since 2019, in accordance with the organizational carbon footprint assessment guidelines issued by the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization). These guidelines are developed based on the internationally recognized Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol), which serves as a global standard for organizational greenhouse gas accounting and reporting. The Company’s greenhouse gas inventory covers direct greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1), indirect greenhouse gas emissions from the generation of purchased or acquired electricity consumed by the Company (Scope 2), and other indirect greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 3).

In 2025, the Company conducted a review and reassessment of its 2024 greenhouse gas emissions data in order to update the organizational boundary of its greenhouse gas inventory in response to significant changes in scope and activity coverage. This was undertaken to ensure that the reported data more comprehensively and appropriately reflect the current AMATA Group structure, scale of operations, and business activities. The key review and refinement items were as follows:

The reporting boundary for the Company’s Carbon Footprint for Organization (CFO) was defined to cover the operations of the Company and all subsidiaries.
The reporting scope includes all facilities and utility systems under the Company’s responsibility.
The reporting scope was expanded to cover industrial estate areas in Thailand, including:
- AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate
- AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate
- AMATA Smart City Chonburi Industrial estate
- AMATA City Chonburi 2 Industrial Estate
- Nong Lalok Industrial Estate
The reporting scope was expanded to cover overseas industrial estate, including:
- AMATA City Bien Hoa, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
- AMATA City Ha long, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
- AMATA City Long Thanh, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
- AMATA Smart & Eco City Laos (Namor), the Lao People's Democratic Republic

Based on the review and enhancement of greenhouse gas emissions data collection within the defined reporting boundary, the Company designated 2024 as a new base year for setting greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets and monitoring future performance. The revision of the reporting boundary has enhanced the completeness, transparency, and alignment of the Company’s greenhouse gas emissions data with its current operations, thereby providing a more robust basis for assessing the effectiveness of greenhouse gas mitigation measures. Greenhouse gas emissions data for the 2024 base year was verified by SGS (Thailand) Limited, an independent external assurance provider with expertise in greenhouse gas verification, to confirm the accuracy, completeness, and reliability of the data. In addition, the Company’s 2024 Organizational Carbon Footprint Report was certified by SGS (Thailand) Limited on 6 January 2026.

Performance

Greenhouse Gas Emissions of the Organization

The Company assesses and reports greenhouse gas emissions from activities within its reporting boundary based on the operational control approach. This approach is applied to define the reporting scope for direct greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1), indirect greenhouse gas emissions from purchased electricity consumed by the Company (Scope 2), and other indirect greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 3). This ensures that the reported data accurately reflects the Company’s actual operational performance and can be effectively used for management, performance monitoring, and the development of climate change strategies. The greenhouse gas emissions disclosed are reported on a gross basis. At present, the Company does not apply carbon offsetting to deduct emissions within the defined reporting boundary.

The Company primarily applies greenhouse gas emission factors issued by the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization) under the Carbon Footprint for Organization (CFO) guideline, in order to ensure alignment with the Thailand context. In cases where appropriate domestic emission factors are unavailable, the Company refers to internationally recognized emission factors issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and applies Global Warming Potential (GWP) values in accordance with the reporting CFO guidelines. The Company regularly reviews its calculation methodologies, assumptions, and underlying data sources to ensure accuracy, consistency, and appropriate comparability of reported greenhouse gas emissions over time.

Following the review of the reporting boundary, refinements to the calculation methodologies, and data verification, the Company’s organizational greenhouse gas emissions for 2024 differed from the figures previously disclosed in the 2024 Sustainability Report. Based on the newly certified Carbon Footprint for Organization (CFO) report, the Company’s total greenhouse gas emissions from operations amounted to 1,587,779 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO₂e), an increase from the previously reported figure of 1,523,918 tCO₂e. The total emissions comprised direct greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1) of 1,438 tCO₂e, indirect greenhouse gas emissions from purchased electricity consumed by the Company (Scope 2) of 23,442 tCO₂e, resulting in combined Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions of 24,880 tCO₂e, and other indirect greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 3) totaling 1,562,899 tCO₂e.

The Company’s 2025 organizational carbon footprint report, covering the period from 1 January to 31 December 2025, has been prepared using the same principles, calculation methodologies, and reporting boundary applied to the 2024 base year. The Company is currently in the process of procuring an accredited verifier registered with the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization). The verification process, as well as the certification and registration of the organizational carbon footprint, is expected to be completed by the second quarter of 2026.

The Company has calculated its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the year 2025 in accordance with the Carbon Footprint for Organization (CFO) assessment methodology established by the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO), together with the internationally recognized Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol). The total emissions amounted to 1,450,828 tCO₂e, comprising 1,345 tCO₂e from direct emissions (Scope 1) and 18,252 tCO₂e from indirect emissions related to purchased electricity consumed by the Company (Scope 2). The combined direct and indirect emissions (Scope 1 & 2) totaled 19,597 tCO₂e, representing a reduction of 21.23% compared with the 2024 base year.

See Certificate

The reduction was primarily attributable to a significant decrease in Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions from operations at the Company’s industrial estates in Vietnam. Electricity is supplied to factories within these industrial estates through substations operated and managed by the Company. A decline in electricity demand from factories resulted in a corresponding and material reduction in electricity losses within the distribution system. In addition, the Company improved the electricity system structure by relocating substations closer to major electricity consumers to reduce energy losses in the distribution network. These improvements contributed to a further reduction in Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions compared with the previous year.

Meanwhile, under the reporting scope of this sustainability report, greenhouse gas emissions from the Company’s direct and indirect operations (Scope 1 and Scope 2) in Thailand decreased by 2.92% compared with the 2024 base year, reflecting the Company’s continuous improvements in energy efficiency across its operations.

When considering only greenhouse gas emissions from the Company’s operations and industrial estates in Thailand that are in operation, the Company recorded direct greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1) of 1,224 tCO₂e and indirect greenhouse gas emissions from purchased electricity consumed by the Company (Scope 2) of 12,967 tCO₂e, resulting in total combined direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1& 2) of 14,191 tCO₂e. The combined direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions (Combined GHG Scope 1 & 2) intensity per unit of operational area for the year 2025 was 0.41 tCO₂e per rai, or 2.58 tCO₂e per hectare, representing a reduction of 4.92% compared with the 2024 base year.

Note: The Combined GHG emissions (scope 1 & 2) intensity per operational area for the period from 2019 to 2023 was calculated based on the Company’s previous reporting boundaries and calculation methodologies. In contrast, the emissions intensity for 2024–2025 was calculated using the revised calculation methodologies and reporting boundaries under the new base year (2024). Emissions data for both periods were calculated based on the Company’s reporting boundaries as disclosed in this report and cover the operational areas of industrial estates in Thailand, namely AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate and AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate. The differences in greenhouse gas emissions intensity between the two periods are primarily attributable to differences in the coverage of facilities, as the revised base year boundary includes more comprehensive range of activities and facilities compared with the previous boundary. Nevertheless, despite the expansion of the reporting scope, The Combined GHG emissions (scope 1 & 2) intensity per operational area continues to demonstrate a downward trend, reflecting ongoing improvements in energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions management across the Company’s operations.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Value Chain

In 2025, the Company reported gross Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions, without the use of carbon offsets, totaling 1,431,232 tCO₂e. This represented a decrease of 8.42% compared with 2024. The reduction was primarily attributable to a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions from energy‑related activities (Category 3: Fuel and energy‑related activities), resulting from a reduction in electricity‑related energy consumption across the Company’s value chain.

Other indirect greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 3)	Greenhouse Gas Emissions (tCO₂e)
Category 1: Purchased goods and services	57,555
Category 2: Capital goods	6,513
Category 3: Fuel and energy-related activities	682,257
Category 4: Upstream transportation and distribution	55
Category 5: Waste generated in operations	2,054
Category 6: Business travel	103
Category 7: Employee commuting	296
Category 8: Upstream leased assets	116
Category 13: Downstream leased assets	68,357
Category 15: Investments	613,926
Total	1,431,232

The Company conducted materiality assessment of greenhouse gas emissions under Scope 3, considering the nature of business activities, the magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions, and their relevance across the Company’s value chain. The assessment identified four primary scope 3 categories with the highest emissions. These include Category 3: fuel and energy related activities, which are primarily associated with electricity procurement and distribution for utility systems within the industrial estates, including electricity losses in the power distribution network. Category 15 investments also represent a significant source of emissions, arising from the Company’s investments in joint ventures and associated entities engaged in the development and operation of energy and utility‑related projects. In addition, Category 13: downstream leased assets contribute to emissions through energy consumption and operational activities of tenants within the industrial estates. Following by Category 1: purchased goods and services further contribute to Scope 3 emissions, covering emissions from the procurement of materials, equipment, construction works, and various services used in the development and operation of the Company’s industrial estates and projects.

Biogenic Carbon Dioxide Emissions

In 2025, the Company generated biogenic carbon dioxide (biogenic CO₂) emissions of 30.22 tons of carbon dioxide under direct greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1). These emissions arose from the combustion of biomass fuels. The Company calculates and discloses biogenic CO₂ emissions separately from gross direct greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1), in accordance with applicable reporting standards. For other indirect greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 3), the Company is currently unable to comprehensively collect data on biogenic CO₂ emissions across the value chain, as the relevant data collection systems are still under development. Nevertheless, the Company is in the process of enhancing its data collection processes to support the disclosure of biogenic CO₂ emissions within the value chain in future reporting periods.

Decarbonization Plan

The Company has established quantitative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets to support its ambition of becoming a carbon‑neutral city by 2040. Specifically, the Company targets a 20% reduction in absolute greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared with the 2024 base year, and a 20% reduction in the intensity of direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1 and Scope 2) per unit of operational area by 2030 compared with the 2024 base year.

To support the achievement of these targets, the Company has developed an initial decarbonization roadmap based on the updated base‑year greenhouse gas emissions data, which appropriately reflects the Company’s current operations. The roadmap covers measures to reduce direct greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1) and indirect greenhouse gas emissions from purchased electricity consumed by the Company (Scope 2). The roadmap development process comprises four key steps, namely: (1) identification and prioritization of significant emission sources; (2) identification of mitigation measures and assessment of implementation readiness; (3) evaluation of the operational and financial impacts of emissions reduction measures; and (4) definition of related strategies, targets, and performance indicators.

Step 1:

Identifying and prioritizing significant greenhouse gas emission sources and assessing future emission trends.

Step 2:

Identifying potential mitigation measures and technologies, together with assessing implementation readiness.

Step 3:

Evaluating operational and financial impacts (e.g., marginal abatement cost curves: MACC) to prioritize emission reduction measures.

Step 4:

Defining short-, medium-, and long-term strategies, targets, and performance indicators.

At present, the Company is in the process of reviewing step 2 and step 3 using updated base‑year data in order to comprehensively assess the appropriateness of greenhouse gas mitigation measures and technologies, from both operational and financial perspectives. In this regard, the Company has identified and prioritized major sources of greenhouse gas emissions arising from its core activities, including fuel consumption in production processes, electricity consumption, transportation, as well as activities related to waste management and business travel.

The Company has considered potential mitigation measures and its readiness for implementation by evaluating available options in accordance with the “avoid–improve–shift–sink–contribute” approach. This approach prioritizes the avoidance of unnecessary emission‑intensive activities, improvements in energy and resource efficiency, and a transition to lower‑emission technologies or energy sources as first‑order measures. For greenhouse gas emissions that cannot be further reduced through operational measures, the Company is considering the use of carbon credits and carbon removal mechanisms to address residual emissions. Currently, the Company is studying the feasibility and implementation approaches of carbon credit projects under the T‑VER standard, including the review of relevant methodologies, to support informed decision‑making in subsequent phases. These efforts are intended to support the achievement of the Company’s greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets across its value chain.

With respect to other indirect greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 3), the Company has begun considering appropriate approaches and measures to manage greenhouse gas emissions, although quantitative targets have not yet been established. This is because the majority of Scope 3 emissions arise from activities carried out by stakeholders across the value chain, such as suppliers, contractors, and the Company’s investments. Accordingly, the Company focuses on developing approaches that are aligned with its roles and influence, with the objective of balancing greenhouse gas emissions reduction efforts with long-term business growth.

Measures under consideration include the integration of climate‑related considerations into investment policies, collaboration with suppliers and tenants to enhance data collection and support emissions reduction actions, and engagement through the Company’s operational platforms, such as the AMATA Carbon Neutral Network (ACNN). In addition, the Company is assessing the feasibility of implementing Internal Carbon Pricing (ICP) mechanisms to support investment decision‑making and the selection of emissions reduction measures for material activities.

Strategy 3: Climate-related Products and Services

The Company recognizes business opportunities arising from climate change and has therefore developed new products and services to respond to the evolving needs of operators within the industrial estates affected by increasingly stringent climate‑related laws and regulations, international trade requirements, and climate policies of overseas parent companies. In parallel, the Company aims to address rising demand from new and target customer segments that place greater emphasis on climate change considerations and low‑carbon business operations.

This approach has been integrated as a core component of the Company’s business growth strategy, linking climate change objectives with the development of low‑carbon products and services, as well as the enhancement of smart infrastructure and utility systems within industrial estates. These efforts are intended to support customers in their transition toward a low‑carbon economy by incorporating insights and feedback from customers and other stakeholders into the design and development of products and services that are appropriate to their operational contexts. Beyond strengthening the Company’s competitive advantage, this approach also supports the gradual transformation of the Company’s revenue structure in line with a sustainable transition to a low‑carbon economy. To ensure effective implementation, the Company has established governance arrangements and performance indicators to systematically monitor progress, alongside the allocation of relevant resources as appropriate.

In 2025, the Company developed new products and services and expanded its collaborative networks to support customers and stakeholders in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving energy management efficiency, as outlined below.

AMATA Carbon Neutral Network: ACNN

The Company has established a greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction network within its industrial estates under the name AMATA Carbon Neutral Network (ACNN). The initiative is led by AMATA Facility Services Company Limited in collaboration with AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate Office and the AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate Office, serving as key coordinators in establishing the network. The primary objective of ACNN is to serve as a collaborative platform that fosters awareness, understanding, and cooperation among businesses within AMATA City Chonburi and AMATA City Rayong industrial estates to implement concrete greenhouse gas reduction activities. This initiative aligns with the Company’s commitment to achieving Carbon Neutrality and ultimately reaching Net Zero emissions.

As of the end of 2025, the AMATA Carbon Neutral Network (ACNN) comprised a total of 113 member companies, representing an increase of 52.7% compared with 2024. This growth reflects increasing awareness and commitment among businesses to advancing greenhouse gas emissions reduction efforts. The majority of members are business operators within AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate, followed by those in AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate and external companies in the eastern region of Thailand.

The Company actively supports ACNN by organizing expert-led sustainability and carbon reduction seminars to enhance members’ understanding and prepare them for sustainable business practices. Additionally, ACNN conducts workshops, training programs, and knowledge-sharing sessions on key topics such as green energy, renewable energy, alternative energy, clean energy, carbon credits, product carbon footprint (CFP), and corporate carbon footprint (CFO).

ACNN Network Activities in 2025 were as follows.

Workshop on “Carbon Footprint Journey: From Fundamentals to Practical Application in Organizations” to Support Businesses in Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions

AMATA Facility Services Company Limited in collaboration with the Expert Centre of Innovative Clean Energy and Environment (InnoEN) and the Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), organized a practical workshop entitled “Carbon Footprint Journey: From Fundamentals to Practical Application in Organizations” at the Model Room, AMATA Service Center. The workshop was led by Dr. Chiraphat Kumpidet and Dr. Angkana Khueanphet, and covered key topics including fundamental concepts of carbon footprint assessment, preparation of verification sheets, hands-on exercises based on actual data, and practical approaches to greenhouse gas emissions reduction. The sessions were held on 29 August 2025 and 30 September 2025, with a total of 74 participants across two cohorts.

Seminar on“Unlock Thailand’s Energy Future: Breaking Barriers with Low‑Cost, Low‑Carbon Solutions”

The Company, through the AMATA Carbon Neutral Network (ACNN), supported a seminar hosted by Poly Technology Co., Ltd. on 17 September 2025 at Nikko Hotel AMATA City Chonburi. The seminar served as a platform for knowledge exchange and discussion on the development of clean energy solutions with cost-effective approaches, alongside greenhouse gas emissions reduction, to support the energy transition of Thailand’s industrial sector toward a low-carbon society. Key sessions included presentations on C&I Smart Energy Solutions by Huawei, focusing on efficient energy management for industrial and commercial buildings, as well as an overview of Thailand’s green energy landscape and national‑level approaches to developing low-cost, low-carbon energy solutions.

AMATA Carbon Neutral Network Conference 2025

The AMATA Carbon Neutral Network (ACNN), led by the AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate in collaboration with AMATA Facility Services Company Limited and network partners, organized the ACNN Annual Network Conference 2025, held on 20–21 November 2025 at Nikko Hotel AMATA City Chonburi. The event served as a platform for knowledge exchange on trends and solutions related to energy, technology, and carbon management for the industrial and business sectors, and included seminar sessions and a mini exhibition. As part of the event, the declaration ceremony of the AMATA Carbon Neutral Network (ACNN) was held on 21 November 2025 to bring together operators within AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate and AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate in driving the transition of industrial cities toward sustainability, through the promotion of low-carbon policies, energy efficiency, and the exchange of approaches related to clean energy, green energy, and smart technology innovations. The event was attended by representatives from 109 companies, totaling more than 143 participants.

Providing Solution of Intelligent Carbon and Energy Platform

The Company has developed the Solution of Intelligent Carbon and Energy Platform, operated by AMATA Facility Services Company Limited to support customers in managing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and optimizing energy consumption across various activities. The platform provides the following services:

Preparation of carbon footprint reports for organizations (CFO) and products (CFP) following Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO) and ISO standards.
Data collection on carbon emissions from various activities, covering Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3, using IoT, API integration, or manual data input.
Energy management consulting and strategic planning to enhance efficiency and sustainability.
Accurate, fast, and efficient carbon emission calculations and data management.
Integration with Renewable Energy Certificate (RECs) providers and carbon credit markets.

Carbon Neutral Event Services

The Company has enhanced its event management and corporate engagement services for both factory operators in AMATA industrial estates and external customers by transitioning from conventional event planning to carbon neutral event solutions. These services are managed by AMATA Facility Services Company Limited and focus on minimizing environmental impact, optimizing resource efficiency, reducing waste generation, and lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollution from events. Additionally, the Company procures carbon credits from greenhouse gas reduction projects in Thailand to offset emissions generated by events. In 2025, the Company successfully organized two carbon neutral events namely the AMATA City Run 2025 and the AMATA Carbon Neutral Network Conference 2025. For both events, carbon credits were purchased from the Electricity Generation from Biomass by Nakornphet Greenergy Ltd. project to offset greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in a total carbon offset of 12 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

Clean Energy Services through Solar Power

In 2025, AMATA U Company Limited, a subsidiary of the Company, jointly invested in the establishment of AMATA B.Grimm Renewable Energy Company Limited to develop a floating solar power generation project at AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate, with an installed capacity of 42.5 megawatts peak (MWp). The project aims to meet the growing demand for renewable electricity among customers in the AMATA industrial estates that have set targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or achieve carbon neutrality. Currently, the project is in the process of obtaining licenses for electricity generation and distribution, as well as other renewable-energy-related permits, in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

The development of this project will serve as an important basis for assessing the feasibility of expanding clean electricity supply across AMATA industrial estates in the future, as well as for developing renewable energy solutions and energy efficiency initiatives to support the advancement of Smart Energy City.

Utility Services for the Low carbon Transition

The Company continuously develops utility systems within its industrial estates to support customers in their transition toward a low‑carbon economy, particularly through the provision of industrial water, which is a critical input in customers’ production processes. In 2025, the Company adopted conducted a product carbon footprint assessment for its industrial water service as part of its efforts to enhance service quality, in accordance with ISO 14067:2018, with reference to the life cycle assessment frameworks under ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, as well as the specific product category rules for industrial water certified by the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization).

The assessment results, covering the operating period from January to December 2024 at AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate, indicated that the carbon footprint of the industrial water product was 694 grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per cubic meter of industrial water supplied. Approximately 66.4% of total emissions originated from the production stage, primarily associated with electricity consumption in water treatment and pumping processes. These results enable the Company to identify significant sources of greenhouse gas emissions and to define appropriate energy efficiency improvement measures. At the same time, the information supports industrial customers in using the results as a reference for assessing climate‑related impacts and improving the effectiveness of their own greenhouse gas inventories.

Just Transition Plan for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction

The Company’s three principal climate change strategies not only influence the direction of its business operations and investment decisions, but may also give rise to impacts on, and the need for adaptation by, stakeholders across the value chain, including employees, suppliers and contractors, operators within the industrial estates, and local communities. The Company therefore places importance on considering such potential impacts in order to determine appropriate courses of action and to support a balanced and just transition to a low-carbon economy for all stakeholder groups.

Employees	The transition toward a low-carbon economy may affect work processes, required skills, and the roles of employees in certain functions. The Company therefore places emphasis on communicating its climate-related direction, enhancing workforce readiness, and supporting employee adaptation through reskilling and upskilling initiatives aligned with technological advancements and evolving business models.
Suppliers and Contractors	The implementation of climate-related measures may affect the Company's expectations and requirements for suppliers and contractors, particularly with respect to resource efficiency, energy use, compliance with environmental requirements, and support for low-carbon operations within the industrial estates. Accordingly, the Company communicates its expectations, facilitates information exchange, and supports capability development among suppliers and contractors to enhance their capacity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across the value chain. In addition, the procurement of clean technologies and related materials, such as solar panels and minerals used in batteries, may involve potential risks related to forced labor or human rights violations. The Company therefore seeks to enhance supply chain risk assessment and supplier selection processes to support responsible sourcing practices.
Customers / Operators within the industrial estates	The Company places importance on supporting customers; tenants and operators within the industrial estates to better assess and manage greenhouse gas emissions associated with their operations. This includes the development of low-carbon products and services with carbon footprint information, the provision of accessible clean energy infrastructure, the enhancement of knowledge related to greenhouse gas management, and the facilitation of access to financial partner networks. These efforts aim to ease cost burdens and enhance the competitiveness of customers and operators of all sizes in their transition toward a low-carbon economy.
Local Communities	The transition toward AMATA's low-carbon industrial city must not generate adverse impacts on the livelihoods and well-being of surrounding communities, but should instead contribute to improved quality of life and the creation of local opportunities. The Company therefore emphasizes environmental quality management around its industrial estates, responsible resource use, and the promotion of local economic development alongside business growth.

In addition, the Company places strong emphasis on stakeholder engagement and the consideration of stakeholder perspectives in the transition toward a low‑carbon economy. Accordingly, the Company has established systematic, transparent, and auditable grievance mechanisms and engagement processes, as well as appropriate advance communication of business directions and potential changes, to enable stakeholders to prepare for future shifts in roles, work processes, and required skills, and to effectively manage potential impacts arising from the transition.

At present, the Company is developing data collection systems to support future disclosure on just transition-related impacts arising from its climate transition and adaptation efforts. The data being developed include information on new hires, terminations, job redeployment, skills training, the engagement of non-employee workers, as well as location-specific information and community agreements, in order to support more comprehensive disclosure in future reporting periods.

Membership and Participation in Climate related Organizations

Thailand Carbon Neutral Network (TCNN)

In June 2025, the Company became a member of the Thailand Carbon Neutral Network (TCNN), which was established by the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization). The Network aims to promote organizational engagement on climate change and to strengthen members’ roles in advancing systematic greenhouse gas emissions management practices, in alignment with national targets for carbon neutrality and net‑zero greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, AMATA Facility Services Company Limited, a subsidiary of the Company, has been a member of TCNN since July 2023. The participation of both the Company and its subsidiary supports strategic alignment at the group level and contributes to greater consistency in defining directions, policies, and practices related to greenhouse gas management across the Group.

TCNN also serves as a collaborative platform that fosters cooperation between the public and private sectors in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Network facilitates the exchange of knowledge, best practices, and participation in climate‑related policy dialogue. Accordingly, the participation of the Company and its subsidiary enhances the Group’s capacity to engage in these initiatives and supports the integration of climate change actions at the Group level.

Thailand Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Alliance (TCCA)

In December 2025, the Company and AMATA U Company Limited, a subsidiary providing utility services for the industrial sector within the AMATA Group’s industrial estates, joined the Thailand CCUS Alliance (TCCA). TCCA is a climate‑related collaborative network aimed at promoting the development and application of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technologies, with the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) and other relevant organizations serving as key partners.

The Company considers its participation in TCCA from an economic and industrial development perspective, with the objective of preparing industrial areas, utility systems, and the business ecosystem to support potential future investments in CCUS‑related industries, technologies, and supply chains. The Company also monitors developments in CCUS technologies and industrial‑level greenhouse gas emissions reduction trends through its engagement with TCCA, which serve as inputs for the consideration of long‑term strategies, operational approaches, and greenhouse gas emissions reduction plans aligned with evolving economic, technological, and climate‑related policy contexts.

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