The Company operates in the Gulf of Thailand Coast Basin, one of the country’s key river basins and a strategic economic zone characterized by a high concentration of industrial activity. As a result, water resources in this basin are critically important for domestic use, industrial operations, service-sector activities, and the overall economic growth of the area. The Company recognizes that its water use forms part of the shared use of water resources alongside other water users within the same basin. It is therefore essential for the Company to manage its water use responsibly under the principles of environmental governance, with due consideration for water availability, water quality, and the prevention of adverse impacts on stakeholders and local ecosystems, in order to contribute to long-term water security.

In operating industrial estates, water resources are critical for supporting the production process and operation of the factories in the industrial estates. Before starting the business operation, the Company conducted a comprehensive study on the social and environmental impacts of all AMATA Industrial Estates’ water consumption to assess opportunities and risks of sharing water resources with the communities, as well as climate-related water risks, in order to develop area-specific operational strategies that are both appropriate and sustainable. All four of AMATA’s industrial estates in Thailand (100%) are located in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC), a region classified as water-stressed areas and prone to severe drought conditions.

Physical water risks may have direct impacts on the Company’s business operations and on operators within its industrial estates in several aspects, as outlined below:

AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate is located in an area classified as experiencing extremely high water-stress (>80%) and critical raw water quantity risk. The assessment results indicate significant limitations in water availability and a materially elevated risk to the security of raw water sources. Accordingly, the Company places the highest priority on strengthening water security through the development of reserve water storage capacity and by maximizing the reuse of treated wastewater, in order to reduce reliance on natural water sources and to further support the efficient use of water.

Although AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate is located in an area with high water stress (40–80%), which is slightly lower than that of Chonburi, the overall physical water risk level remains extremely high. The Company therefore prioritizes preventive water management by focusing on the conservation of riparian and upstream forest areas, alongside the development and expansion of water storage infrastructure, to enhance long‑term water security and mitigate risks that could adversely affect its operations and the confidence of stakeholders.

The Company has assigned AMATA U Company Limited to oversee the raw water supply for industrial water production, serving all factories in AMATA Industrial Estates. In 2025, total industrial water demand amounted to 56.25 million cubic meters, reflecting a 6.1% decrease from 2024. To ensure sufficient industrial water production capacity while coping with climate change and increasing customer demand, the Company maintains 17 operational raw water reservoirs with a total storage capacity of 61 million cubic meters. Additionally, the Company has expanded the use of high-quality reclaimed water produced through the Water Reclamation System to substitute raw surface water in industrial water production. As a result, the Company's raw surface water consumption has been reduced to 61% of total industrial water demand. This strategic water management approach has enabled the Company to maintain raw water reserves exceeding 150% of total raw surface water demand, aligning with its policy.

To enhance stability and security in water management, including the development of water reservoirs, pipeline network operations, and water use efficiency to support the expansion of industrial estates while promoting environmental sustainability and integrated water management, AMATA U Company Limited, the subsidiary responsible for all water management within AMATA’s industrial estates, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Eastern Water Resources Development and Management Public Company Limited on 5 November 2024. This collaboration aims to jointly explore approaches to water management in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC). Under this cooperation framework, the Company continues to conduct studies and develop water management approaches on an ongoing basis, with a focus on strengthening water security and enhancing long‑term confidence in water resource management within the area.

The Company recognizes that water resources are shared among industrial users, local communities, and other water users within the same river basin. Accordingly, effective water management must take into account the security of raw water availability, water quality, and the expectations of relevant stakeholders. The Company acknowledges the expectations and concerns of various stakeholders regarding water management, particularly factory operators within both AMATA City industrial estates and surrounding communities directly affected. To support appropriate water resource management and to build confidence in the Company’s operations, the Company has established systematic communication, engagement, and collaboration mechanisms with stakeholders, as outlined below:

• Proactive communication to ensure that operators are informed of the water situation and are able to prepare appropriately for potential risks. On 12 March 2025, Amata U Company Limited organized a webinar to communicate updates on rainfall trends and the Company’s water reserve planning, enabling operators in the area to gain confidence in the continuity of their business operations.
• Engagement of water users through a Water User Group mechanism to support governance in the shared management and allocation of water resources. General meetings of water user group members were held at AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate on 11 December 2025 and at AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate on 17 December 2025, during which water management performance was reported and members were provided with opportunities to exchange views on efficient water use and water conservation practices in the industrial sector.
• Area‑based and supply chain collaboration. The Company continuously coordinates with relevant agencies and stakeholders, including the Eastern Seaboard Coastal River Basin Committee and external water service providers such as Eastern Water Resources Development and Management Public Company Limited (East Water), to support water allocation planning that is aligned with local conditions and balances the water demand of the industrial sector, agriculture, and other water users. In parallel, the Company has established appropriate effluent quality control requirements for operators within its industrial estates to help minimize impacts on public water bodies and to support the long‑term stewardship of shared water resources.
• Grievance mechanism. The Company provides 24‑hour channels for receiving feedback, suggestions, and environmental complaints, enabling stakeholders to report issues related to water use, water quality, or impacts on communities and the environment. This allows the Company to respond and take corrective actions in an appropriate and timely manner.

Wastewater Management in Industrial Estates

In the process of wastewater management within the industrial estates, the Company oversees the quality of wastewater discharged from industrial factories by requiring the separation of stormwater drainage systems from wastewater systems. Factory operators are mandated to pre-treat their wastewater to meet quality control standards within their facilities in accordance with the regulations of the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand. The pre-treated wastewater is then conveyed via pipelines to the central wastewater collection and treatment facility of the industrial estate, which is managed by AMATA U Company Limited.

The Company has established control and oversight mechanisms for factory operators through monthly inspections of wastewater quality at the point of discharge from factories, enabling the management of water quality risks at the source. If wastewater discharged from a factory does not comply with the prescribed standards, the Company will issue a formal notice requiring corrective actions and impose additional wastewater treatment charges in accordance with the Company’s criteria.

The wastewater sent to the central treatment facility is treated to meet the standards set forth in the announcements of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment B.E. 2559 (2016) and the announcement of the Ministry of Industry, B.E. 2560 (2017). The quality of treated wastewater is then subject to comprehensive testing by a private laboratory accredited by the Department of Industrial Works, covering key physical and chemical parameters, temperature, and significant heavy metals such as mercury, selenium, cadmium, lead, arsenic, and chromium. All parameters must comply fully with the applicable standards prior to reuse. Treated wastewater that meets the standards is reused for various beneficial purposes, supporting the efficient and responsible reuse of water and aligning with the Company’s water management objectives under a Zero Discharge approach.

Water Management Based on Circular Economy Principles

Given that the Company’s operations are located within the Gulf of Thailand Coast Basin, an area experiencing very high water stress, the Company has established water‑related targets and activities with due consideration for local water resource constraints and the shared use of water with other stakeholders. The Company adheres to a policy of no effluent discharge to external water bodies across all operational areas in accordance with the Zero Discharge principle, and is committed to maximizing the beneficial reuse of treated wastewater in order to reduce dependence on raw water from natural sources. Accordingly, the Company has set a target to reuse 100% of treated wastewater, with a portion of treated water being further processed into high‑quality recycled water to substitute surface raw water abstracted from natural sources. In 2025, the Company aimed to reduce the proportion of surface raw water withdrawal to below 60% of total water demand from operators within AMATA industrial estates through the deployment of advanced high‑quality recycled water production technologies. This approach not only strengthens water security for business operations, but also aligns with Thailand’s national water resource management framework under the Water Resources Act B.E. 2561 (2018) and the 20‑Year National Water Resources Management Master Plan, which emphasize river‑basin‑based management, efficient water use, stakeholder participation, and the application of circular economy and sustainable development principles in the Eastern region. These efforts contribute to maintaining sufficient water availability in public water sources for agriculture, communities, and other water users in the area.

The Company has continuously enhanced the performance of its wastewater treatment systems and maintained strict control over wastewater quality throughout the entire management process. As a result, treated wastewater from the central wastewater treatment system met all applicable regulatory standards and was fully reused (100%). In 2025, a total of 21.96 million cubic meters of wastewater entered the central wastewater treatment system, representing an increase of 0.4% compared with 2024. The Company benefits from reusing all the treated water (100%) within the industrial estate, and 41% of the treated water was used to produce high-quality water through the Water Reclamation System with reverse osmosis technology, where the high-quality water produced was used to replace natural raw water in the tap water production process for industrial purposes. The remaining treated water was used in the power plants for cooling and stream turbines and in the green areas at 24% and 35% respectively.

The Company regularly inspects the building and surrounding areas for potential water leakage and conducts routine maintenance to ensure that water supply systems and equipment within the premises remain in optimal condition. Automatic faucets have been installed in restrooms to minimize unnecessary water loss. Furthermore, the Company actively promotes water conservation awareness among employees across all AMATA offices through the “ALL SAVE ALL WIN” initiative. This campaign communicates responsible water use through signage, encouraging employees to avoid leaving water taps running during cleaning activities and to maximize water usage efficiency. For instance, melted ice water is reused for office cleaning and for rinsing food-contaminated packaging waste prior to drying and proper disposal. In addition, the Company reduces water use for cleaning activities by adopting dry sweeping methods and using cleaning equipment with low water consumption to reduce overall water consumption.

In addition, the Company has implemented measures to reduce water consumption in common areas by utilizing treated or recycled water from the industrial estates for irrigation purposes. This recycled water is supplied through an automatic sprinkler system installed along the estate’s main roads and is also used by water trucks to irrigate other green spaces within common areas. To further enhance water efficiency, irrigation schedules are adjusted according to seasonal conditions. During the dry season, irrigation is carried out once or twice daily as part of routine operations. In the rainy season, the frequency is reduced—for example, irrigation is suspended on rainy days—to ensure the efficient and responsible use of water resources in maintaining green areas.

In 2025, the Company’s total water consumption amounted to 34.29 million cubic meters, representing a 9.78% decrease compared with 2024. Water consumption intensity per operational area for 2025 amounted to 997.40 cubic meters per rai or 6,233.75 cubic meters per hectare, representing a decrease of 12% compared with 2024.